head 與 tail 就像它的名字一樣的淺顯易懂，它是用來(lái)顯示開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾某個(gè)數(shù)量的文字區(qū)塊，head 用來(lái)顯示文件的開(kāi)頭至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中，而 tail 想當(dāng)然爾就是看文件的結(jié)尾。

1．命令格式

head [參數(shù)]... [文件]...

2．命令功能

head 用來(lái)顯示檔案的開(kāi)頭至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出中，默認(rèn)head命令打印其相應(yīng)文件的開(kāi)頭10行。

3．命令參數(shù)

• -q 隱藏文件名
• -v 顯示文件名
• -c<字節(jié)> 顯示字節(jié)數(shù)
• -n<行數(shù)> 顯示的行數(shù)

4．使用實(shí)例

實(shí)例1：顯示文件的前n行

命令：

head -n 5 log.log

演示操作及輸出：

[yiibai@localhost test]$ cat log.log
this is line 1.
this is line 2.
this is line 3.
this is line 4.

this is line5.

this is line 6.
this is line 7.
this is line 8.
this is line 9.
this is line 10.
this is line 11.
this is line 12.
this is line 13.
this is line 14.
this is line 15.
this is line 16.
this is line 17.
this is line 18.
this is line 19.
this is line 20.
this is line 21.
this is line 22.

-----------------end
[yiibai@localhost test]$ head -n 5 log.log
this is line 1.
this is line 2.
this is line 3.
this is line 4.

[yiibai@localhost test]$

實(shí)例2：顯示文件前n個(gè)字節(jié)

命令：

head -c 20 log.log

演示操作及輸出：

[yiibai@localhost test]$ head -c 20 log.log
this is line 1.
this[yiibai@localhost test]$

實(shí)例3：文件的除了最后n個(gè)字節(jié)以外的內(nèi)容

命令：

head -c -32 log.log

演示操作及輸出：

[yiibai@localhost test]$ head -c -32 log.log
this is line 1.
this is line 2.
this is line 3.
this is line 4.

this is line5.

this is line 6.
this is line 7.
this is line 8.
this is line 9.
this is line 10.
this is line 11.
this is line 12.
this is line 13.
this is line 14.
this is line 15.
this is line 16.
this is line 17.
this is line 18.
this is line 19.
this is line 20.
this is line 21.
[yiibai@localhost test]$

實(shí)例4：輸出文件除了最后n行的全部?jī)?nèi)容

命令：

head -n -6 log.log
```shell
演示操作及輸出：
```shell
[yiibai@localhost test]$ head -n -6 log.log
this is line 1.
this is line 2.
this is line 3.
this is line 4.

this is line5.

this is line 6.
this is line 7.
this is line 8.
this is line 9.
this is line 10.
this is line 11.
this is line 12.
this is line 13.
this is line 14.
this is line 15.
this is line 16.
this is line 17.
this is line 18.
[yiibai@localhost test]$