本教程將使用libpqxx庫(kù),它是PostgreSQL的官方C++客戶端API。 libpqxx的源代碼可以在BSD許可證下使用,因此您可以免費(fèi)下載它,將其傳遞給其他人,更改它,銷(xiāo)售,將其包含在您自己的代碼中,并與任何人分享您的更改/修改。
最新版本的libpqxx可從鏈接下載:Libpqxx下載。 所以下載最新版本,并按照以下步驟:
wget http://pqxx.org/download/software/libpqxx/libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz
tar xvfz libpqxx-4.0.tar.gz
cd libpqxx-4.0
./configure
make
make install
在開(kāi)始使用C/C++的PostgreSQL接口之前,請(qǐng)?jiān)赑ostgreSQL安裝目錄中找到pg_hba.conf文件,并添加以下行:
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
可以啟動(dòng)/重新啟動(dòng)postgres服務(wù)器,使用以下命令運(yùn)行:
[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service: [ OK ]
Starting postgresql service: [ OK ]
以下C代碼段顯示如何連接到端口5432上本地機(jī)器上運(yùn)行的現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。在這里,我使用反斜杠\行繼續(xù)。
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
}
現(xiàn)在,我們編譯并運(yùn)行上面的程序來(lái)連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)testdb,它已經(jīng)在你的架構(gòu)中可用,可以使用用戶postgres和密碼為:pass123進(jìn)行訪問(wèn)。 您可以根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)置使用用戶名和密碼。記住保持-lpqxx和-lpq在給定的順序! 否則,鏈接器將抱怨關(guān)于缺少以“PQ”開(kāi)頭的名稱的函數(shù)。
$g++ test.cpp -lpqxx -lpq
$./a.out
Opened database successfully: testdb
以下C代碼段將用于在之前創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(testdb)中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表:
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * sql;
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY(" \
"ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," \
"NAME TEXT NOT NULL," \
"AGE INT NOT NULL," \
"ADDRESS CHAR(50)," \
"SALARY REAL );";
/* Create a transactional object. */
work W(C);
/* Execute SQL query */
W.exec( sql );
W.commit();
cout << "Table created successfully" << endl;
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
當(dāng)編譯和執(zhí)行上述程序時(shí),它將在testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建一張COMPANY表,并顯示以下語(yǔ)句:
Opened database successfully: testdb
Table created successfully
以下C代碼段顯示了如何在上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建記錄:
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * sql;
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " \
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 ); " \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );" \
"INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)" \
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
/* Create a transactional object. */
work W(C);
/* Execute SQL query */
W.exec( sql );
W.commit();
cout << "Records created successfully" << endl;
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
當(dāng)上述程序被編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí),它將在COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建給定的記錄,并顯示以下兩行:
Opened database successfully: testdb
Records created successfully
以下C代碼段顯示了如何從上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中獲取和顯示記錄:
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * sql;
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
/* Create SQL statement */
sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Create a non-transactional object. */
nontransaction N(C);
/* Execute SQL query */
result R( N.exec( sql ));
/* List down all the records */
for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) {
cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl;
}
cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl;
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
當(dāng)上述程序被編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí),將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully: testdb
ID = 1
Name = Paul
Age = 32
Address = California
Salary = 20000
ID = 2
Name = Allen
Age = 25
Address = Texas
Salary = 15000
ID = 3
Name = Teddy
Age = 23
Address = Norway
Salary = 20000
ID = 4
Name = Mark
Age = 25
Address = Rich-Mond
Salary = 65000
Operation done successfully
以下C代碼段顯示了如何使用UPDATE語(yǔ)句來(lái)更新指定記錄,然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示更新的記錄:
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * sql;
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
/* Create a transactional object. */
work W(C);
/* Create SQL UPDATE statement */
sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1";
/* Execute SQL query */
W.exec( sql );
W.commit();
cout << "Records updated successfully" << endl;
/* Create SQL SELECT statement */
sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Create a non-transactional object. */
nontransaction N(C);
/* Execute SQL query */
result R( N.exec( sql ));
/* List down all the records */
for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) {
cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl;
}
cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl;
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
當(dāng)上述程序被編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí),將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully: testdb
Records updated successfully
ID = 2
Name = Allen
Age = 25
Address = Texas
Salary = 15000
ID = 3
Name = Teddy
Age = 23
Address = Norway
Salary = 20000
ID = 4
Name = Mark
Age = 25
Address = Rich-Mond
Salary = 65000
ID = 1
Name = Paul
Age = 32
Address = California
Salary = 25000
Operation done successfully
以下C代碼段顯示了如何使用DELETE語(yǔ)句刪除指定記錄,然后再COMPANY表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄:
#include <iostream>
#include <pqxx/pqxx>
using namespace std;
using namespace pqxx;
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char * sql;
try{
connection C("dbname=testdb user=postgres password=cohondob \
hostaddr=127.0.0.1 port=5432");
if (C.is_open()) {
cout << "Opened database successfully: " << C.dbname() << endl;
} else {
cout << "Can't open database" << endl;
return 1;
}
/* Create a transactional object. */
work W(C);
/* Create SQL DELETE statement */
sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID = 2";
/* Execute SQL query */
W.exec( sql );
W.commit();
cout << "Records deleted successfully" << endl;
/* Create SQL SELECT statement */
sql = "SELECT * from COMPANY";
/* Create a non-transactional object. */
nontransaction N(C);
/* Execute SQL query */
result R( N.exec( sql ));
/* List down all the records */
for (result::const_iterator c = R.begin(); c != R.end(); ++c) {
cout << "ID = " << c[0].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Name = " << c[1].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Age = " << c[2].as<int>() << endl;
cout << "Address = " << c[3].as<string>() << endl;
cout << "Salary = " << c[4].as<float>() << endl;
}
cout << "Operation done successfully" << endl;
C.disconnect ();
}catch (const std::exception &e){
cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
當(dāng)上述程序被編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí),將產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果:
Opened database successfully: testdb
Records deleted successfully
ID = 3
Name = Teddy
Age = 23
Address = Norway
Salary = 20000
ID = 4
Name = Mark
Age = 25
Address = Rich-Mond
Salary = 65000
ID = 1
Name = Paul
Age = 32
Address = California
Salary = 25000
Operation done successfully